The map is a very specific part of the game and doesn't do much other than contain things already defined in the game's code.
To make a stand-alone mod with this, you would have to learn c++ and modify the source files provided by valve via source sdk.
lua is only available in gmod (It can be implemented into stand-alone mods, but doing so isn't really beginner level coding)
lua is a scripting language: nothing is hard-coded or compiled. Things written in lua aren't a core part of the game (maps and textures are the same: you can run a mod with or without certain files whereas code written in c++ is compiled into a .dll file which is needed for the game to work).
Put simply, for what you are trying to do, it would probably be easier to make a gmod game-mode with lua than to have to learn c++, code the knife, code the game-mode, code the buff state on the player. It might be worth downloading some gmod knife addons, power-up addons, and game-mode addons and looking at the lua for them to see how they work.
Once you get the hang of how object-orientated programming works, it will just be a case of looking up the syntax for lua.
Here's the gmod wiki entry on lua:
http://maurits.tv/data/garrysmod/wiki/w ... ?title=LuaIf you really want a stand-alone mod, google some c++ tutorials and dive into the "my first mod" article on here when you feel accomplished enough:
https://developer.valvesoftware.com/wik ... rogramming